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Demosthenes of Athens I
The Master of Surprise Demosthenes and His Military Challenges In 432–431 BCE, the Spartans called an assembly of their allies to discuss going to war with Athens. According to historian Thucydides,...
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German fighter pilots in the Denmark and Norway 1940
Operations began for the invasion of Denmark and Norway on 9 April 1940 and continued until the capitulation of the Norwegian army on 10 June 1940. The British had evacuated their last forces from the...
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German fighter pilots in the Phoney War 1940
The Phoney War, the period labelled by the British press the Sitzkrieg, covers the period from the British and French declarations of war on 3 September 1939 till 9 May 1940, the day preceding the...
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Automitrailleuse Panhard et Levassor Type 178
A Panhard 178B. The APX3B turret is of the latest type with a rear episcope. Rear view showing the position of the second driver; the hull, despite having been repainted with a number belonging to the...
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BATTLE OF THE RIVER SALADO
Book Link Development of the Battle of Salado 30 October 1340 Many of the battles fought between Islam and Christianity have been hailed as the decisive encounter between the two religions. Few of...
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Flying Circus
Richthofen’s Flying Circus, by Nicolas Trudgian An elite German fighter unit in World War I. World War I was the first time aircraft were used in combat against each other. Before then the United...
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Capture of Magdala, (13 April 1868)
The Fortress of Magdala, prior to its destruction in April 1868. British troops posing at a captured sentry post above Koket-Bir gate at Magdala fortress. The mission of the British expeditionary...
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Dreadnoughts’ three
All-big-gun designs commenced almost simultaneously in three navies. The Imperial Japanese Navy authorized the construction of Satsuma, designed with twelve 12-inch (305 mm) guns in 1904; she was laid...
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Kolberg in 1945
Kołobrzeg (Kolberg) in 1945. 80% of the city was destroyed during the war. In November 1944 Kolberg, a large Baltic seaport in the Prussian Province of Pomerania, was designated a stronghold as...
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Fast craft between the wars
The British hard-chined Coastal Motor Boats of World War I were very fast but required constant attention to trim in order to get the best performance. 1919 saw them in use in a little-known campaign...
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JOSEPH FRANÇOIS DUPLEIX
A decade after his lucrative dealings in India came to an end, Dupleix died a broken man, his wealth spent and honor impugned. (1697–1763), influential governor-general (1742–1754) of the French East...
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HIWIS [1]
The German prisoner of war camps, containing millions of Soviet prisoners, were a potential source of manpower. Faced with bad treatment and starvation and a distinct possibility of dying, an...
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The Saxon Fleet Keeps Sailing, 1066
In 1066, Harold of England put the Saxon fleet to sea to deter an assault from Norway or Normandy against England. However, when harvest-time came, the sailors went home to their fields and the way...
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The preaching of Fulk of Neuilly, Peter Capuano, and others bore fruit when Counts Thibaud III of Champagne and Louis I of Blois took the cross at a tournament at Ecry-surAisne on 28 November 1199....
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Newport 1778
By Charles P. Neimeyer During February 1778, the new Franco-American alliance was announced, and it immediately changed the entire complexion of the war. Now the British not only had to guard against...
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116th Panzer in Normandy
The following information is from the excellent book by Niklas Zetterling entitled ‘NORMANDY 1944’. The 116. Panzer-Division was formed by merging the remnants of the 16. Pz.-Gren-Division with the...
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Operation Lüttich – Considered
While Patton’s Third Army was racing through Brittany and towards the south the U.S. First Army under Hodges continued its offensive in an easterly and south-easterly direction in order to widen the...
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The Sinai Campaign of 1967 Part II
Conquest of Sinai. 7–8 June 1967 Yet, as the saying goes, who dares wins. The Egyptians, listening to the excited voice on Radio Cairo announcing with more optimism than accuracy that their comrades...
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The Sinai Campaign of 1967 Part I
Conquest of Sinai. 5–6 June 1967 As a small nation surrounded by enemies, Israel was acutely conscious that if she was to survive she could not afford to lose a battle, much less a war. Of necessity,...
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Siege of Venice (August 1848–August 27, 1849)
Austrian fleet bombarding rebellious city of Venice during siege in 1849, by Giovanni Battista Borghesi The siege of Venice, during August 1848–August 27, 1849, was part of the nineteenth-century...
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