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The Nine Years’ War, 1688-97 Part I
Europe nursed bitter memories of the severe depredations carried out by French armies in the Spanish Netherlands and of the …Continue reading →
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Trajan’s Grand Strategic Objectives
Parthian Cataphracts (Fully Armoured Parthian Cavalry) Left: East Parthian Cataphract; Middle: Parthian Horse-Archer; Right: Parthian Cataphract from Hatra Osroes I …Continue reading →
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Austria in Revolt and Aftermath II
The Garde Impériale at Aspern-Essling The Austrian collapse was not quite the end of the story, even if what remained …Continue reading →
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Austria in Revolt and Aftermath I
Generalissimus, Erzherzog Karl von Habsburg at Aspern-Essling Heavily defeated in 1805 and subjected to a diet of constant humiliation thereafter, …Continue reading →
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British Naval strength Late 18th-Early 19th Centuries
British naval hegemony rested on a sophisticated and well-financed administrative structure, a large fleet drawing on the manpower resources of …Continue reading →
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After Trafalgar II
An action during the British fleet’s blockade of the French port of Toulon between 1810 and 1814, depicted by Thomas …Continue reading →
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After Trafalgar I
The Channel Fleet for example was dispersed by a strong gale on 3 January 1804 and the blockade of Le …Continue reading →
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Sindis and Sikhs IV
The Battle of Ferozeshah, 22.12.1845. Painting by H.Martens Gough made a desperate attempt to draw the fire from his infantry …Continue reading →
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Sindis and Sikhs III
The charge of the British 16th Lancers at Aliwal on 28 January 1846, during the Anglo-Sikh war Sikh Akali religious …Continue reading →
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Sindis and Sikhs II
HM 31st Foot attacking the Sikh line during the Battle of Moodkee. Sir Henry Hardinge had known for several months, …Continue reading →
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Sindis and Sikhs I
Maharaja Ranjit Singh In June 1843, having recently given birth to Princess Alice, her third child in four years, Queen …Continue reading →
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Suleyman the Magnificent and the Five Victories: Belgrade, Rhodes, Mohacs,...
The Ottomans did not follow up their decisive victory at [the battle of] Mohacs and advance further west. Thus it …Continue reading →
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Suleyman the Magnificent and the Five Victories: Belgrade, Rhodes, Mohacs,...
The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V personally led two great crusading armies across the waters of the Mediterranean. Yet the …Continue reading →
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Espionage During the Napoleonic Wars
Charles Schulmeister The Napoleonic wars pitted France, led by Napoleon Bonaparte, against a number of countries in Europe from 1797 …Continue reading →
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Germany to the East II
Clockwise from top left: German soldiers advance through Northern Russia, German flamethrower team in the Soviet Union, Soviet planes flying …Continue reading →
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Germany to the East I
With his decision for war with the Soviet Union, Hitler had closed off other strategic options. The Soviet Union, he …Continue reading →
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VVS versus Luftwaffe
During the first days of the war between Germany and. the Soviet Union in June 1941, there were a number …Continue reading →
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Homer’s great epic -Siege of Troy
The chief source on the siege of Troy is Homer’s great epic, the Iliad. Its 24 chapters treat the …Continue reading →
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The Armies Holy Roman Empire and Poland were anachronisms late 17th century
Imperial defenders Vienna, 1683 In southern Slavic languages, husar was a mounted knight. Polish hussaria (‘winged horsemen’) dominated Central and …Continue reading →
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War of the Spanish Succession in Spain
Battle of Almenar (27-July-1710) British troops were also engaged in Iberia, supporting opposition to Philip V. By 1707 there were …Continue reading →
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